The Impact of Television Media in The Learning Process of The Time of Pandemi Covid 19

The Impact of Television Media in The Learning Process of The Time of Pandemi Covid 19 

Aisyah | July 25, 2021

INTRODUCTION

 Pandemic Covid 19 has a major influence on all aspects of human life. Especially in the field of education, the process of teaching and learning activities is done online / online / at home after the Ministry of Education and Culture Ministry (Kemendikbud) issuing a circular letter of 15.2020 on the guidelines of the learning of home in the emergency of the Cove Covers of the Cove. Expert Staff of Education and Culture of Regulation of the Regulation, Chatinaina Muliana Girsang conveyed this circulation letter 15 to strengthen the circular letter of the study of 4 years 2020 on the implementation of education in the period of the Coronavirus Disasease (COVID-19).

 In this circular letter mentioned that the purpose of the implementation of learning from home is to ensure the fulfillment of the rights of learners to get educational services during the Coved-Cirvum Emergency, protecting the unit of education from the COVID-19 adverse impact, preventing the spread and transmission of COVID-19 in the educational unit and ensure puzzleosic support for fulfillment, learners, and parents. 

Learning from home activities are implemented to provide a learning experience that is meaningful to learners, without the burden of demands to complete all the curriculum achievements and focused on the life of life skills, among others regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Learning material is inclusive in accordance with age and education level, cultural context, character and type of specificity of learners. The patient's learning and assignment can vary between regions, educational units and learners according to their respect and interest conditions, including considering access gaps to the study facilities from home. Learning outcomes learned during study from home-provided qualitative feedback and useful of teachers should not be required to score quantitative scores, and establish positive interaction and communication patterns between teachers and parents.

One of the audio-visual media that can be used as learning media during the covid pandemic 19 is through television media. Television is easily accessible media as an electronic medium capable of disseminating information quickly and able to reach large Numbers of participants over the same time. In the beginning television benefits as a show of a variety of shows that attract viewers from infotainment, entertainment, talk show. Reality shows, advertisements, soap operas and l. movies the main function of television is to provide information, education, entertainment, and influence. But the first and second points are often overlooked as a primary function of television broadcasting because as an educational event and entertainment is just a supplement.

During Pandemic Covid 19 Television Functions to provide information and as a learning media, the government program of the Ministry of Education and Culture in collaboration with TVRI serve the study program at home to be learned to learners. However, not all television shows can have a good effect to the audience. Therefore, the need for education as a container of substance of education information systematically and integrated.

LITERATURE REVIEW 

Television (TV) is a well-known telecommunications medium that serves as the receiver of both monochrome (white) and colored picture broadcasts. The word "television" is a combination of the tele (blurred, "distant ") from the Greek and the visio (" vision ") from the Latin, so that television may be interpreted as" a long-distance communication device that USES visual/ visual media."

 The use of the word "television" itself can also refer to "television boxes," "television programs," or "television transmissions." The invention of television is aligned with the invention of the wheel, as it is capable of transforming the civilizations of the world. In Indonesia 'television' is often referred to as TV (read: tivi, TV or TV.)

Television boxes have been first commercially sold since the 1920's, and since then television has become commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions, especially asa source of need for entertainment and news and asa advertising medium. Since the 1970's, the advent of videocassettes, laser disks, DVDS and now blu-ray disks, has also made television boxes a tool for viewing material and recording results. In recent years, television broadcasts have been accessible through the Internet, for example through iplayer and upriver.

 A group of American families watching TV, 1958. Although there are other forms of television such as closed circuit television, the most commonly used television is broadcasting television, which was based on the radio broadcasting system developed about the 1920's, using high-powered radio frequency transmitters to transmit television waves to television waves.

TV broadcasting is normally dispersed by radio waves VHF and uhf in defined frequency pathways between 54-890 megahertz. Today TV waves also broadcast either stereo or ambient sounds in many countries. Until 2000, TV broadcasts were broadcast in the form of analog waves, but in recent times both public and private broadcast companies have turned to digital broadcasting technology.

 A television box consists of a variety of electronic circuits inside, including one of the receiving circuits and the receiver capture. A visual display device that does not have a signaling device is usually referred to asa monitor rather than a television set. A television system can be used in the use of such technologies as analog (Pal, NTSC, secam), digital (DVB, atsc, isdb etc.) or high definition (HDTV). Television systems are now also used for the observation of an event, the control of industrial processes, and the direction of weapons, especially in places that are normally too dangerous for direct observation.

Amateur television (ham TV or atv) is used for experimental and public entertainment activities run by amateur radio operators. Amateur TV stations had been used in urban areas before the advent of commercial TV stations.

 Television has played an important role in the 20th and 21st centuries of socialization. In 2010, iplayers were used in social media aspects in the form of Internet television service, including facebook and twitter.

Nowadays the role of parents is in the process studying in the house is very important. Online learning compels deat parents have to use technology, so whether you like it or not want to learn and be ready to teach over long distances using technology. Parents have to prepare the tools and long-distance learning systems and Providing guidance for children to be able to use modern technology in learning to improve the quality of his son. Parents must be very appreciative and literate technology to guiding his son's lessons online from home. Because online learning will well done in any role of man the older version guides the child. The covid-19 pandemic sued Dan's parents Teachers and students for literacy technology. There a lot of applications are used by teachers Elementary school in the learning process Online at home is like e-learning, Google Classroom, whatshapp, zoom, and application others.

But television media can also be used as a learning medium for learners. Peean parents may give or carefully select television shows that have a positive impact to take as lessons. Because television is accessible to everyone easily. The selection may be animated films, counting, singing, and many more chanel examples showing the intermediate stations tvri. Because tvri is cooperating with the ministry of education and culture.

Social Impact is Since the late 1990's, a growing number of parents have given their baby permission to watch television as more and more advertised DVD products can contribute to the growth of the baby's language and cognitive development. Yet, no research has shown that early television viewing can promote the development of children's language. In contrast, scientific evidence indicates that babies who watch such DVDS have lower language abilities. Furthermore, when children are able to know letters and Numbers at school age, children who watch television before age 3 have lower scores than children who do not watch television before age 3. Similarly, the more children watch television before the age of 3, the more likely they are to have attention problems at age 7.

Instead, watching quality television programs may enhance the cognitive abilities of school-age children. Sesame street's most widely studied television show shows a positive effect on language study when children are 3 to 5. By comparison, studies suggest that television programs without educational purposes-like typical cartoons in general-have nothing to do with improving language skills. As teenagers, children who are regularly preschoolers watch sesame street achieve higher grades, read more books, and have more motivation for achievement than do preschoolers.

 By television, children and adolescents can also learn about nonviolent behavior, empathy, tolerance of people of other RACES or ethnicities, and respect for older ones. [39] educational information can also be included in a popular program for teens, such as contraception education successfully through an episode of the United States television series, friends.

But watching television also has the potential to adversely affect children and adolescents, such as aggressive behavior, substance abuse, risky sexual activity, obesity, eating disorders, and academic performance. When there is television in the children's room, the risk of overweight and the possibility of smoking increases, the child is reading less and more hobbies, and the child's bedtime decrease.

 In 2001 the American academy of pediatricians recommended a number of things to overcome the potential of negative television effects on children and teenagers, including removing television from children's rooms, minimizing television viewing from children under 2 years of age, and encouraging parents to accompany their children to watch television and monitor television programs that children watch for informative, educational, and nonviolent purposes.

Broadcasting or in English known as broadcasting is the entire process of delivering broadcasts starting from preparation production materials, production processes, preparation of broadcast materials, then transmission to the reception of the broadcast by the listener / audience somewhere (10)

Broadcasting, is scattered in all directions or what is known as omnidirectional.  From this definition of the nature of broadcasting it can be seen that all broadcasting system whose broadcast receiver must be equipped with one decoder unit, is less in line with the definition of broadcasting.  By therefore, the name of the system must be added with the word "limited", so that become a limited broadcasting system.(11)

Broadcast media also have unique or specific characteristicsbcompared to print media or other mass media.  Through broadcast media, viewers can receive information directly or commonly referred to as real time or live.  All events or events can be directly heard/seen by listeners/viewers with a very broad and effective population coverage, but the information conveyed by the broadcast media is already direct passed and cannot be repeated unless it is broadcast again. Meanwhile, in print media, the information it provides is still available read back, anywhere and anytime.  (12) 

10 Wahyudi,J.B, Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Penyiaran (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1994).

11 Hidajanto Djamal, Andi Fachruddin, Dasar-Dasar Penyiaran (Jakarta: Kencana, 2013).

12 Hidajanto Djamal, Andi Fachruddin.

Television is a mass medium in a very basic sense that is permissive and massive.  Deep permissiveness  understanding it is within the threshold morals, which always have the excuse of society heterogeneous as a moral shield. Still in the sense of producing the world image simultaneously and without alternatives.

Because that is the impact of Jakarta's central television feels the uniformity of taste and culture community (Wirodono, 2006).

Local television has a role in building the regional economy, and can promote local culture in broadcast content.  In addition, local television also participates in preserving local culture, and exploration of regional potential by exposing to audiences.  Therefore, local content based on local local wisdom to be things important for local television. This local television also an alternative for convey messages also accommodate local wisdom of community dynamics.

Television show based program local wisdom provides an overview comprehensive about an impressions that able to explore the potential of the region local and become one of the assets useful documentation. But until now, ia not a few local television stations nor national, not much optimize promotion and image areas that have socio-cultural potential and local wisdom. This is also due many local televisions are already operating experienced many internal problems, including : management issues concerning human resources, funding, infrastructure until it's hard to get advertisement.

The impact of local cultural broadcasts on TVRI on adolescent behavior in several journals ia :

The feared impact is the siltation of ethical and aesthetic values ​​and people's views of life due to the development of mass culture brought about through television shows.  (Journal 1)

According to the journal Kristiyawati: the impact of television broadcasts on the development of children's behavior includes children who do not take advantage of their time, such as choosing to watch television to fill their time rather than studying and doing activities of religious value.  Prefer to stay at home and watch television than do outside activities with the theme.

the author Redatin Pawardi in his journal argues that the use of television media has a contribution or influence on the occurrence of deviations in values ​​and behavior.  Although the impact is not instantaneous like what is suggested by the Stimulus-Response model, and individuals are free to interpret the messages received, but because of repeated messages that tend to be the same, and because of human nature, especially adolescents who tend to imitate through the social learning process according to Bandura,  Likewise, because the ability of television as an audio-visual media can form 90% of the human memory capacity, the use of television media can affect the value and behavior of its audiences.

Whatever is widely displayed on television will certainly have a significant impact on the psychological development of our society.  Television broadcasts also play a role in the process of shaping the values ​​adopted by society, especially children, because of this many teen soap operas that display scenes of violence, sadism, hatred, and a consumptive lifestyle are feared to have a bad influence on Indonesian children.  , in accordance with the stages of psychological development that are forming the values ​​to be embraced.  (Naskah publikasi)

(Publication manuscript)

The negative impacts examined by the author on his journals were: racing behavior, lazy learning and disagreements with family

( Abdul Zikrullah )

From here we can see some of the negative effects of watching television.  Their TVRI had a good impact.  for example they get new information and new knowledge about Indonesian culture or local culture.  Second, they get inspiration to be used as a creativity or work.  thirdly, when adolescents watch television, especially TVRI, namely local cultural broadcasts, they will not be affected by the negative impact of TV broadcasts that they are not suitable for watching. So the conclusion is that the impact of watching television for adolescents is that there are negative impacts and positive impacts.  However, broadcasting local culture on TVRI will make Indonesian youth have a positive impact.

CONCLUSION 

TVRI broadcasting has a good impact on Indonesian youth, shows about local culture have many benefits and one way to disseminate local culture more broadly and thoroughly. such as in terms of social impact, the use of a stimulus response communication model has a significant effect on society through the distribution of socially acquired knowledge. In the Children's World program, artistic programs that are produced and broadcast live-recording or recording have a beneficial effect. These impressions serve as basic requirements for long-term social interaction and early socialization of children; studying the world, attitudes and behavior more broadly; study prosocial behavior; educational effect; help shape identity; build imagination. The implication of these two programs is that they can teach norms and values ​​through symbolic rewards and punishments for various types of behavior that are presented. The recommendation of these two programs in the programming process must be more observant in its implementation so that it is suitable for public consumption when it is broadcast, which can affect the mindset of the wider community. In addition, West Java TVRI is expected to be able to socialize media literacy and also serve as broadcasting guidelines for other broadcasters and the public.

The production of local content based on local wisdom also demands not only speaking at the level of content itself which is 'localistic' but also carried out by local people with local values. Although it is recognized that it also needs a lot of support from local human resources to continue to hone their abilities so that they can produce content products that at least have the same selling value in the national private television market. This is shown by TVRI by having reliable human resources to compete in the local content creation process. This is also because they already have sufficient skills to undergo the process. In addition, according to Haryati (2013), because it has a unique role and function, local television stations must have strong aspirations, because television stations that are characterized by regional culture must live a life full of risks. Management of locality programs that are not handled professionally can be unable to compete with national television, which results in low rating levels, and can make it difficult for television stations to get advertisements.

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